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Källor och vetenskapliga referenser

Informationen på Fetmakollen bygger på publicerade, granskade studier och officiella källor. Här är alla referenser samlade.

Kliniska studier: semaglutid (Wegovy)

  • Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 1). N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):989–1002. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2032183
  • Wadden TA, Bailey TS, Billings LK, et al. Effect of subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo as an adjunct to intensive behavioral therapy on body weight (STEP 3). JAMA. 2021;325(14):1403–1413. doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.1831
  • Rubino D, Abrahamsson N, Davies M, et al. Effect of continued weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo on weight loss maintenance (STEP 4). JAMA. 2021;325(14):1414–1425. doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.3224
  • Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Davies M, et al. Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: the STEP 1 trial extension. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(8):1553–1564. doi.org/10.1111/dom.14725
  • Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes (SELECT). N Engl J Med. 2023;389(24):2221–2232. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2307563

Kliniska studier: tirzepatid (Mounjaro)

  • Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity (SURMOUNT-1). N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205–216. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2206038
  • Aronne LJ, Sattar N, Horn DB, et al. Continued treatment with tirzepatide for maintenance of weight reduction in adults with obesity (SURMOUNT-4). JAMA. 2024;331(1):38–48. doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.24945
  • Aronne LJ, Horn DB, le Roux CW, et al. Tirzepatide as compared with semaglutide for the treatment of obesity (SURMOUNT-5). N Engl J Med. 2025;393(1):26–36. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2416394
  • Nicholls SJ, Pavo I, Bhatt DL, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with tirzepatide versus dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-CVOT). N Engl J Med. 2025;393(24):2409–2420. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2505928

Kliniska studier: övriga läkemedel

  • Pi-Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management (SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes). N Engl J Med. 2015;373(1):11–22. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1411892
  • Greenway FL, Fujioka K, Plodkowski RA, et al. Effect of naltrexone plus bupropion on weight loss in overweight and obese adults (COR-I). Lancet. 2010;376(9741):595–605. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60888-4
  • Torgerson JS, Hauptman J, Boldrin MN, Sjöström L. XENical in the prevention of Diabetes in Obese Subjects (XENDOS) study. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(1):155–161. doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.1.155

Definition och riktlinjer

Orsaker, biologi, hälsa och stigma

  • Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Delbridge E, et al. Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(17):1597–1604. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1105816
  • MacLean PS, Bergouignan A, Cornier MA, Jackman MR. Biology's response to dieting: the impetus for weight regain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2011;301(3):R581–R600. doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00755.2010
  • Greenway FL. Physiological adaptations to weight loss and factors favouring weight regain. Int J Obes (Lond). 2015;39(8):1188–1196. doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.59
  • Maes HH, Neale MC, Eaves LJ. Genetic and environmental factors in relative body weight and human adiposity. Behav Genet. 1997;27(4):325–351. doi.org/10.1023/A:1025635913927
  • Chao A, Grilo CM, White MA, Sinha R. Food cravings mediate the relationship between chronic stress and body mass index. J Health Psychol. 2015;20(6):721–729. doi.org/10.1177/1359105315573448
  • Hall KD, Kahan S. Maintenance of lost weight and long-term management of obesity. Med Clin North Am. 2018;102(1):183–197. doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.012
  • Wing RR, Lang W, Wadden TA, et al. Benefits of modest weight loss in improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(7):1481–1486. doi.org/10.2337/dc10-2415
  • Lopez-Jimenez F, Almahmeed W, Bays H, et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: mechanistic insights and management strategies. A joint position paper by the World Heart Federation and World Obesity Federation. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022;29(17):2218–2237. doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwac187
  • Nutter S, Eggerichs LA, Nagpal TS, et al. Changing the global obesity narrative to recognize and reduce weight stigma: a position statement from the World Obesity Federation. Obes Rev. 2024;25(1):e13642. doi.org/10.1111/obr.13642
  • Rubino F, Puhl RM, Cummings DE, et al. Joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity. Nat Med. 2020;26(4):485–497. doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0803-x

Obesitaskirurgi

Läkemedelsinformation och myndighetsbeslut

Vidare läsning

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